Earth Science Quiz 2

Earth is made up of four layers. The outer layer, which we live on, is called the ___________.
1. mantle
2. crust
3. inner core
4. outer core
Earth is made up of four layers. The layer in the very center is called the ___________.
1. mantle
2. crust
3. inner core
4. outer core
Earth is made up of four layers. The layer just above the center is called the ___________.
1. mantle
2. crust
3. inner core
4. outer core
Earth is made up of four layers. The layer right below the surface is called the ___________ and is made largely of magma (molten rock).
1. mantle
2. crust
3. inner core
4. outer core
What is the word for rocks being broken by wind, water, temperature change, roots, chemicals, etc.?
1. weathering
2. erosion
3. inner core
What's the word for bits of rock and soil being dropped down in a new location after being carried by wind or water?
1. weathering
2. erosion
3. deposition
What's the word for bits of rock or soil being carried away by wind or water?
1. weathering
2. erosion
3. deposition
What is sediment?
1. A kind of rock.
2. Little bits of rock and soil that get carried away by wind or water.
3. deposition
From space, the Grand Canyon looks like a huge, deep crack in the Earth, with the Colorado river running along the bottom. What process formed the Grand Canyon?
1. an earthquake.
2. weathering and erosion
3. deposition
What is Earth's outside layer (the crust) made of?
1. Soil, water, air, plants, and animals.
2. solid rock
3. deposition
What is the name for the large plates which make up Earth's outer surface?
1. tectonic plates
2. continents
3. crust
What causes earthquakes?
1. Vibrations in the crust caused by movements in the mantle.
2. Pressure in the crust caused by gravity.
3. Vibrations in the crust caused when tectonic plates moving against each other suddenly slip.
What is magma?
1. The layer of Earth just below the surface
2. The movement of tectonic plates
3. Molten rock under the surface of the Earth
What's the difference between magma and lava?
1. Nothing. They mean the same thing.
2. Lava is hotter than magma
3. Molten rock found underneath Earth's crust, in the mantle, is called magma. When magma spills out of a volcano onto the surface of the Earth, we call it lava.
4. None of your business.
Rocks are constantly changing, being melted and cooled, broken, built up into layers, etc. What is this process of ongoing change called?
1. The rock cycle
2. weathering & erosion
3. The depositional and refraction coefficient
Some minerals are harder than others. What's the name of the measurement system that tells how hard minerals are compared to each other?
1. Comparative rock table
2. Moh's Scale of Hardness
3. The depositional and refraction coefficient
What are rocks made of?
1. sediments that have become cemented together by pressure
2. Lava that has cooled off again.
3. minerals
What are minerals?
1. Another name for rocks
2. Natural, nonliving substances that rocks are made of.
3. Vitamins
What are the three major kinds of rock groups (based on how they are formed)?
1. solid, liquid, and gas
2. sedmentary, metamorphic, igneous
3. weathering, erosion, deposition
What kind of rock is formed by heat and pressure?
1. igneous
2. sedimentary
3. metamorphic
What kind of rock is formed when layers of sediment pile up over many, many years until the weight of all those layers cements them together into a layered rock?
1. igneous
2. sedimentary
3. weathering, erosion, deposition
What kind of rock is formed when extreme heat completely melts the rock, then it cools off again?
1. metamorphic rock
2. sedimentary rock
3. igneous rock
How are fold mountains formed?
1. Weathering breaks rock, then erosion carries that sediment away.
2. Earthquakes cause parts of the Earth's crust to crumble.
3. Tectonic plates pushing together cause the Earth's crust to crumble and push upwards, creating mountains.
Where do most of the world's volcanoes occur?
1. The United States of America
2. Everywhere mountains are found
3. The "ring of fire" around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.
What's the name for the rocky parts of the Earth?
1. rockosphere
2. crust
3. lithosphere
Which of these are things that have actually happened to Mr. Walsh?
1. Had to escape from quicksand.
2. Stood on top of a volcano.
3. Dug up 10,000 year-old fossils
4. Lived through an earthquake.
How was the Grand Canyon formed?
1. The Colorado River went flowing through the area and caused weathering and erosion over thousands of years.
2. Tectonic plates are moving away from each other in that area, leaving a huge crack in the Earth's crust.
3. lithosphere
Around the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean, we find a large number of volcanoes. What do we call this area?
1. The Ring of Fire
2. The volcanic region
3. lithosphere
What's the name for the layer of gases surrounding the Earth?
1. atmosphere
2. hydrosphere
3. lithosphere
What's the name for all the water on Earth?
1. magnetosphere
2. hydrosphere
3. lithosphere
What are two ways you can tell different minerals apart?
1. Streak and luster
2. Hardness and breakage
3. lithosphere
What is magma?
1. Melted rock
2. Melted rock found under the Earth's crust
3. lithosphere
I am a rock with stripes made from layers of sediment. What am I?
1. sedimentary rock
2. igneous rock
3. metamorphic rock
I'm a rock that was formed by heat and pressure. What am I?
1. sedimentary rock
2. igneous rock
3. metamorphic rock
I'm a rock that was formed when I melted and then cooled off.
1. sedimentary rock
2. igneous rock
3. metamorphic rock
Rocks don't stay the same forever. They are constantly changing. What do we call this?
1. metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary
2. weathering, erosion, and depostion
3. the rock cycle
What is soil?
1. A mixture of different kinds of sand and sediment
2. A mixture of rocks, sand, and dirt
3. soil
4. Soil is a mixture of tiny bits of rock, minerals, organic matter (humus), air, and water, among other things.
What is sand?
1. Small minerals
2. humus
3. soil
4. Tiny broken bits of rocks, minerals, and shells
What is the very top layer of soil called?
1. topsoil
2. humus
3. soil
What is weathering?
1. When wind or water carry away bits of broken rock and soil
2. When rocks are broken by wind, water, tree roots, temperature changes, acid rain, or by falling.
3. When bits of rock or soil, called sediments, are dropped down in a new place by wind or water.
What is erosion?
1. When bits of rock or soil, called sediments, are dropped down in a new place by wind or water.
2. When rocks are broken by wind, water, tree roots, temperature changes, acid rain, or by falling.
3. When wind or water carry away bits of broken rock and soil
What is deposition?
1. When wind or water carry away bits of broken rock and soil
2. When rocks are broken by wind, water, tree roots, temperature changes, acid rain, or by falling.
3. When bits of rock or soil, called sediments, are dropped down in a new place by wind or water.
What is sedimentary rock?
1. Rock that is formed when layers of sediment pile up over thousands or millions of years.
2. Rock formed when rocks melt because of extreme heat and then cool off again.
3. Rocks changed by heat and pressure under the Earth's surface.
What is metamorphic rock?
1. Rock formed when rocks melt because of extreme heat and then cool off again.
2. Rock that is formed when layers of sediment pile up over thousands or millions of years.
3. Rocks changed by heat and pressure under the Earth's surface.
What is igneous rock?
1. Rocks changed by heat and pressure under the Earth's surface.
2. Rock formed when rocks melt because of extreme heat and then cool off again.
3. Rock that is formed when layers of sediment pile up over thousands or millions of years.
What are tectonic plates?
1. A kind of rock
2. Huge pieces of the Earth's crust that float on top of the mantle and fit together like a puzzle.
3. A kind of mineral used to make different kinds of rock
What is Pangaea?
1. The one giant continent that existed on Earth millions of years ago.
2. Tectonic plates
3. Plate tectonics
What does plate tectonics mean?
1. Pangaea
2. Plate tectonics is when earthquakes happen.
3. The movment of tectonic plates as they float on the mantle.
Who was the scientist who thought up the idea of Pangaea?
1. Myron Schloffendorf
2. Albert Einstein
3. Alfred Wegener
What should you do if you didn't get 100% on this test?
1. Cry hysterically
2. Cast myself into a pit of scorpions
3. Take the test over again and try for 100 this time!